Definition of the Disease:

It is an autoimmune disorder that requires avoiding gluten in food, as it leads to damage in the small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and barley.

Causes

The exact cause is still unknown; however, one physician found a relationship between the consumption of bread and grains and the occurrence of diarrhea.

Symptoms:

  • Diarrhea.
  • Foul-smelling stools.
  • Abdominal bloating.
  • Fatigue.
  • Headache and peripheral neuropathy.
  • Depression and anxiety.

Diagnosis:

The patient should be tested before being prescribed a gluten-free diet. Tests include antibody testing, particularly anti-gluten antibodies.

Laboratory tests include:

  1. Electrolyte test
  2. Blood test
  3. Stool test
  4. Oral tolerance tests

Risk Factors:

  1. Family history of digestive disorders or dermatitis.
  2. Type 1 diabetes.
  3. Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.
  4. Autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  5. Microscopic colitis.
  6. Addison’s disease.
  7. Rheumatoid arthritis.

Complications:

  1. Malnutrition.
  2. Calcium loss and reduced bone density.
  3. Infertility and miscarriage.
  4. Lactose intolerance.
  5. Cancer.
  6. Nervous system disorders.

Treatment:

  1. A healthy gluten-free diet
  2. Corticosteroids

Prevention:

  1. Following a gluten-free diet.
  2. Consuming fruits and vegetables to prevent constipation.
  3. Consulting nutrition experts to identify suitable foods.

Statistics:

  • Local: The disease prevalence is estimated at around 1% among children.
  • Global: Wheat allergy (celiac disease) is widespread worldwide. For example, it affects about 5–10% of the population in Chinese and Sub-Saharan African groups; 5–20% in Western Europe; 5–10% in Britain, Tunisia, and Iran. It also affects about 5% of Eastern Europeans, Americans, and Asians. Unfortunately, its global prevalence continues to rise.

To Learn More:

Wheat Allergy

Celiac Disease