Definition of the Disease:
It is an autoimmune disorder that requires avoiding gluten in food, as it leads to damage in the small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and barley.
Causes
The exact cause is still unknown; however, one physician found a relationship between the consumption of bread and grains and the occurrence of diarrhea.
Symptoms:
- Diarrhea.
- Foul-smelling stools.
- Abdominal bloating.
- Fatigue.
- Headache and peripheral neuropathy.
- Depression and anxiety.
Diagnosis:
The patient should be tested before being prescribed a gluten-free diet. Tests include antibody testing, particularly anti-gluten antibodies.
Laboratory tests include:
- Electrolyte test
- Blood test
- Stool test
- Oral tolerance tests
Risk Factors:
- Family history of digestive disorders or dermatitis.
- Type 1 diabetes.
- Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.
- Autoimmune thyroid diseases.
- Microscopic colitis.
- Addison’s disease.
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
Complications:
- Malnutrition.
- Calcium loss and reduced bone density.
- Infertility and miscarriage.
- Lactose intolerance.
- Cancer.
- Nervous system disorders.
Treatment:
- A healthy gluten-free diet
- Corticosteroids
Prevention:
- Following a gluten-free diet.
- Consuming fruits and vegetables to prevent constipation.
- Consulting nutrition experts to identify suitable foods.
Statistics:
- Local: The disease prevalence is estimated at around 1% among children.
- Global: Wheat allergy (celiac disease) is widespread worldwide. For example, it affects about 5–10% of the population in Chinese and Sub-Saharan African groups; 5–20% in Western Europe; 5–10% in Britain, Tunisia, and Iran. It also affects about 5% of Eastern Europeans, Americans, and Asians. Unfortunately, its global prevalence continues to rise.
To Learn More:
Wheat Allergy
Celiac Disease